Additional Hormone-Releasing Organs
Heart
There are other organs that although not being connected to the endocrine system, they excrete one or more hormones. One example is the heart. The heart secretes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) through the atria. This hormone is used to help decrease blood volume by promoting the excretion of sodium via the urine. Note the word uretic in natriuretic.
Kidneys
The kidneys secrete renin which has the opposite of effect of ANP. The renin initiates the production of angiotensin and aldosterone which cause the blood vessels to constrict and sodium to be retained and consequently increase blood pressure and blood volume, respectively. This mechanism is the body's way of compensating and maintaining homeostasis for instance in hypovolemia when there is low blood volume due to hemorrhage, fluid loss due to burns, dehydration, shock, among other things. The kidneys are also responsible for secretion of erythropoietin, which is a factor responsible for the maturation of red blood cells (Timby & Smith, 2013, p. 753).
Think renin=renal=kidney
Placenta
The placenta not only serves to provide nutrition and a rich blood supply to the fetus but also secretes hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), which determines the gestational age and onset of labor, as well as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), used to detect pregnancy.
Skin, Liver, Kidneys
The skin, epidermis to be exact, absorbs sunlight allows the production of a precursor of Vitamin D, then the liver continues the conversion, and finally the kidneys complete the activation process (p. 753). Remember this hormone synthesis process for the upcoming Renal section as this process if very important especially in those with renal failure.
GI
The gastrointestinal tract contains several hormone producing qualities as well. Hormone-secreting cells in the GI tract aid in digestion by secreting gastrin within the stomach and cholecystokinin from the small intestine. Gastrin helps to increase the production of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach and cholecystokinin "stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile when dietary fat has been ingested" (p. 753).
Think gastrin=gastric=stomach. Think chole=gallbladder=fat
There are other organs that although not being connected to the endocrine system, they excrete one or more hormones. One example is the heart. The heart secretes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) through the atria. This hormone is used to help decrease blood volume by promoting the excretion of sodium via the urine. Note the word uretic in natriuretic.
Kidneys
The kidneys secrete renin which has the opposite of effect of ANP. The renin initiates the production of angiotensin and aldosterone which cause the blood vessels to constrict and sodium to be retained and consequently increase blood pressure and blood volume, respectively. This mechanism is the body's way of compensating and maintaining homeostasis for instance in hypovolemia when there is low blood volume due to hemorrhage, fluid loss due to burns, dehydration, shock, among other things. The kidneys are also responsible for secretion of erythropoietin, which is a factor responsible for the maturation of red blood cells (Timby & Smith, 2013, p. 753).
Think renin=renal=kidney
Placenta
The placenta not only serves to provide nutrition and a rich blood supply to the fetus but also secretes hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), which determines the gestational age and onset of labor, as well as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), used to detect pregnancy.
Skin, Liver, Kidneys
The skin, epidermis to be exact, absorbs sunlight allows the production of a precursor of Vitamin D, then the liver continues the conversion, and finally the kidneys complete the activation process (p. 753). Remember this hormone synthesis process for the upcoming Renal section as this process if very important especially in those with renal failure.
GI
The gastrointestinal tract contains several hormone producing qualities as well. Hormone-secreting cells in the GI tract aid in digestion by secreting gastrin within the stomach and cholecystokinin from the small intestine. Gastrin helps to increase the production of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach and cholecystokinin "stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile when dietary fat has been ingested" (p. 753).
Think gastrin=gastric=stomach. Think chole=gallbladder=fat